COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait.
Identifieur interne : 000869 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000868; suivant : 000870COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait.
Auteurs : Hala Hamadah [États-Unis, Koweït] ; Barrak Alahmad [États-Unis] ; Mohammad Behbehani [États-Unis] ; Sarah Al-Youha [Koweït] ; Sulaiman Almazeedi [Koweït] ; Mohannad Al-Haddad [Koweït] ; Mohammad H. Jamal [Koweït] ; Salman Al-Sabah [Koweït]Source :
- BMC public health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Disparités de l'état de santé (MeSH), Enfant (MeSH), Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH), Enregistrements (MeSH), Ethnies (statistiques et données numériques), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (ethnologie), Infections à coronavirus (thérapie), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Koweït (épidémiologie), Mâle (MeSH), Nourrisson (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (ethnologie), Pneumopathie virale (thérapie), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Études prospectives (MeSH).
- MESH :
- ethnologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- statistiques et données numériques : Ethnies.
- thérapie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- épidémiologie : Koweït.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Disparités de l'état de santé, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Enregistrements, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nourrisson, Pandémies, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études prospectives.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Koweït.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Child (MeSH), Child, Preschool (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (ethnology), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Ethnic Groups (statistics & numerical data), Female (MeSH), Health Status Disparities (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Infant (MeSH), Kuwait (epidemiology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (ethnology), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Prospective Studies (MeSH), Registries (MeSH), Treatment Outcome (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Kuwait.
- ethnology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- statistics & numerical data : Ethnic Groups.
- therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Prospective Studies, Registries, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many have flagged racial and ethnic differences in health outcomes in western countries as an urgent global public health priority. Kuwait has a unique demographic profile with two-thirds of the population consisting of non-nationals, most of which are migrant workers. We aimed to explore whether there is a significant difference in health outcomes between non-Kuwaiti and Kuwaiti patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
METHODS
We used a prospective COVID-19 registry of all patients (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in Kuwait who tested positive from February 24th to April 20th, 2020, collected from Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, the officially-designated COVID-19 healthcare facility in the country. We ran separate logistic regression models comparing non-Kuwaitis to Kuwaitis for death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia.
RESULTS
The first 1123 COVID-19 positive patients in Kuwait were all recruited in the study. About 26% were Kuwaitis and 73% were non-Kuwaiti. With adjustments made to age, gender, smoking and selected co-morbidities, non-Kuwaitis had two-fold increase in the odds of death or being admitted to the intensive care unit compared to Kuwaitis (OR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.32). Non-Kuwaitis had also higher odds of ARDS (OR:2.44, 95% CI 1.23-5.09) and pneumonia (OR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.27-4.12).
CONCLUSION
This is the first study to report on COVID-19 outcomes between Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti patients. The current pandemic may have amplified the differences of health outcomes among marginalized subpopulations. A number of socioeconomic and environmental factors could explain this health disparity. More research is needed to advance the understanding of policymakers in Kuwait in order to make urgent public health interventions.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09490-y
PubMed: 32912230
PubMed Central: PMC7482377
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Jamal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Sabah, Salman" sort="Al Sabah, Salman" uniqKey="Al Sabah S" first="Salman" last="Al-Sabah">Salman Al-Sabah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32912230</idno><idno type="pmid">32912230</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12889-020-09490-y</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7482377</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000271</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000271</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000271</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000271</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000271</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait.</title><author><name sortKey="Hamadah, Hala" sort="Hamadah, Hala" uniqKey="Hamadah H" first="Hala" last="Hamadah">Hala Hamadah</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alahmad, Barrak" sort="Alahmad, Barrak" uniqKey="Alahmad B" first="Barrak" last="Alahmad">Barrak Alahmad</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behbehani, Mohammad" sort="Behbehani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Behbehani M" first="Mohammad" last="Behbehani">Mohammad Behbehani</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Youha, Sarah" sort="Al Youha, Sarah" uniqKey="Al Youha S" first="Sarah" last="Al-Youha">Sarah Al-Youha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almazeedi, Sulaiman" sort="Almazeedi, Sulaiman" uniqKey="Almazeedi S" first="Sulaiman" last="Almazeedi">Sulaiman Almazeedi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Haddad, Mohannad" sort="Al Haddad, Mohannad" uniqKey="Al Haddad M" first="Mohannad" last="Al-Haddad">Mohannad Al-Haddad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamal, Mohammad H" sort="Jamal, Mohammad H" uniqKey="Jamal M" first="Mohammad H" last="Jamal">Mohammad H. Jamal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Sabah, Salman" sort="Al Sabah, Salman" uniqKey="Al Sabah S" first="Salman" last="Al-Sabah">Salman Al-Sabah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuwait City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC public health</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2458</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Child (MeSH)</term><term>Child, Preschool (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (ethnology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (therapy)</term><term>Ethnic Groups (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Health Status Disparities (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Infant (MeSH)</term><term>Kuwait (epidemiology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (ethnology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (therapy)</term><term>Prospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Registries (MeSH)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Disparités de l'état de santé (MeSH)</term><term>Enfant (MeSH)</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH)</term><term>Enregistrements (MeSH)</term><term>Ethnies (statistiques et données numériques)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (ethnologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (thérapie)</term><term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Koweït (épidémiologie)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Nourrisson (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (ethnologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (thérapie)</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term><term>Études prospectives (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Kuwait</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Ethnic Groups</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ethnies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="thérapie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Koweït</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Female</term><term>Health Status Disparities</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Prospective Studies</term><term>Registries</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Disparités de l'état de santé</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Enregistrements</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Études prospectives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Koweït</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many have flagged racial and ethnic differences in health outcomes in western countries as an urgent global public health priority. Kuwait has a unique demographic profile with two-thirds of the population consisting of non-nationals, most of which are migrant workers. We aimed to explore whether there is a significant difference in health outcomes between non-Kuwaiti and Kuwaiti patients diagnosed with COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We used a prospective COVID-19 registry of all patients (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in Kuwait who tested positive from February 24th to April 20th, 2020, collected from Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, the officially-designated COVID-19 healthcare facility in the country. We ran separate logistic regression models comparing non-Kuwaitis to Kuwaitis for death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The first 1123 COVID-19 positive patients in Kuwait were all recruited in the study. About 26% were Kuwaitis and 73% were non-Kuwaiti. With adjustments made to age, gender, smoking and selected co-morbidities, non-Kuwaitis had two-fold increase in the odds of death or being admitted to the intensive care unit compared to Kuwaitis (OR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.32). Non-Kuwaitis had also higher odds of ARDS (OR:2.44, 95% CI 1.23-5.09) and pneumonia (OR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.27-4.12).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>This is the first study to report on COVID-19 outcomes between Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti patients. The current pandemic may have amplified the differences of health outcomes among marginalized subpopulations. A number of socioeconomic and environmental factors could explain this health disparity. More research is needed to advance the understanding of policymakers in Kuwait in order to make urgent public health interventions.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32912230</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2458</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC public health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Public Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1384</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12889-020-09490-y</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many have flagged racial and ethnic differences in health outcomes in western countries as an urgent global public health priority. Kuwait has a unique demographic profile with two-thirds of the population consisting of non-nationals, most of which are migrant workers. We aimed to explore whether there is a significant difference in health outcomes between non-Kuwaiti and Kuwaiti patients diagnosed with COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We used a prospective COVID-19 registry of all patients (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in Kuwait who tested positive from February 24th to April 20th, 2020, collected from Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, the officially-designated COVID-19 healthcare facility in the country. We ran separate logistic regression models comparing non-Kuwaitis to Kuwaitis for death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The first 1123 COVID-19 positive patients in Kuwait were all recruited in the study. About 26% were Kuwaitis and 73% were non-Kuwaiti. With adjustments made to age, gender, smoking and selected co-morbidities, non-Kuwaitis had two-fold increase in the odds of death or being admitted to the intensive care unit compared to Kuwaitis (OR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.32). Non-Kuwaitis had also higher odds of ARDS (OR:2.44, 95% CI 1.23-5.09) and pneumonia (OR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.27-4.12).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">This is the first study to report on COVID-19 outcomes between Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti patients. The current pandemic may have amplified the differences of health outcomes among marginalized subpopulations. A number of socioeconomic and environmental factors could explain this health disparity. More research is needed to advance the understanding of policymakers in Kuwait in order to make urgent public health interventions.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hamadah</LastName><ForeName>Hala</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alahmad</LastName><ForeName>Barrak</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Behbehani</LastName><ForeName>Mohammad</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Youha</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Almazeedi</LastName><ForeName>Sulaiman</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Haddad</LastName><ForeName>Mohannad</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jamal</LastName><ForeName>Mohammad H</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Sabah</LastName><ForeName>Salman</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-8544</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>COR-PROP-35</GrantID><Agency>Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Public Health</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100968562</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1471-2458</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000208" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethnology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005006" MajorTopicYN="N">Ethnic Groups</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054624" MajorTopicYN="Y">Health Status Disparities</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007730" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Kuwait</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000208" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethnology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012042" MajorTopicYN="N">Registries</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Health disparity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Kuwait</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Migrant workers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nationality</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>31</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32912230</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1186/s12889-020-09490-y</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1186/s12889-020-09490-y</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7482377</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 25;382(26):2534-2543</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32459916</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Soc Sci Med. 2009 Mar;68(6):1183-90</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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last="Alahmad">Barrak Alahmad</name><name sortKey="Behbehani, Mohammad" sort="Behbehani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Behbehani M" first="Mohammad" last="Behbehani">Mohammad Behbehani</name></country><country name="Koweït"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hamadah, Hala" sort="Hamadah, Hala" uniqKey="Hamadah H" first="Hala" last="Hamadah">Hala Hamadah</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Al Haddad, Mohannad" sort="Al Haddad, Mohannad" uniqKey="Al Haddad M" first="Mohannad" last="Al-Haddad">Mohannad Al-Haddad</name><name sortKey="Al Sabah, Salman" sort="Al Sabah, Salman" uniqKey="Al Sabah S" first="Salman" last="Al-Sabah">Salman Al-Sabah</name><name sortKey="Al Sabah, Salman" sort="Al Sabah, Salman" uniqKey="Al Sabah S" first="Salman" last="Al-Sabah">Salman Al-Sabah</name><name sortKey="Al Youha, Sarah" sort="Al Youha, Sarah" uniqKey="Al Youha S" first="Sarah" last="Al-Youha">Sarah Al-Youha</name><name sortKey="Almazeedi, Sulaiman" sort="Almazeedi, Sulaiman" uniqKey="Almazeedi S" first="Sulaiman" last="Almazeedi">Sulaiman Almazeedi</name><name sortKey="Jamal, Mohammad H" sort="Jamal, Mohammad H" uniqKey="Jamal M" first="Mohammad H" last="Jamal">Mohammad H. 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